Scientific Ontology

F

Mechanics

Force

An influence that changes the motion of an object.

newton (N)

Dimension: $[\,M L T^{-2}\,]$

How values of force span the physical world (in N, log scale).

Force on a single molecule

10^-12 N

Weight of an apple

10⁰ N

Rocket thrust

3.50 × 10⁷ N

Sun–Earth gravity

3.50 × 10²² N

Lower limit10^-13 NUpper limit10⁴⁴ N

Newton's Second Law

\vec{F} = m\vec{a}

Work Done by a Force

W = F d \cos\theta

Newton's Law of Gravitation

F = G\dfrac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}

Pressure

p = \dfrac{F}{A}

Hooke's Law

F = -k x

Torque

\tau = r F \sin\theta

Coulomb's Law

F = \dfrac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\dfrac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}

Lorentz Force

\vec{F} = q(\vec{E} + \vec{v} \times \vec{B})

Impulse

F\Delta t = \Delta p

Centripetal Force

F = \dfrac{mv^2}{r} = mr\omega^2

Tensile Stress

\sigma = \dfrac{F}{A}

Elastic Strain Energy

\Delta E_{el} = \tfrac{1}{2} F \Delta x

Magnetic Force on a Wire

F = BIl\sin\theta